Tampilkan postingan dengan label penelitian. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label penelitian. Tampilkan semua postingan

Senin, 05 Maret 2012

Left And Right Brain Balancing Improve Child Intelligence...

Face it, the older the age when our memories tend to increasingly lose sharpness. We begin to forget things, like names of people, forget to put something or we have to do the job. But old does not mean your brain is also becoming increasingly blunt. For brain and memory can always be honed even stay sharp, here are some tips:

Step I: LEFT BRAIN TRAIN

Your left brain is working to regulate the ability in reasoning, language, writing, logic and arithmetic. Left-brain memory are short term (short term memory). If there is damage to the left brain, there will be disruption in terms of functions of speech, language and mathematics. To maintain the capacity of your left brain, try to learn a new language or do puzzles games.

Step 2: RIGHT BRAIN TRAIN

Right brain function is to handle the process of human creative thinking. Usual right brain identified about creativity, imagination, shape or space, emotion, music and color. Their memories are long right brain (long term memory). The way it works is not well structured and tend not to think about things that are too detailed. If there is damage to the right brain in diseases such as stroke or brain tumor, then the disturbed brain function is the ability of visual and emotional. To maintain the sharpness of your right brain practice playing a musical instrument, sing or make crafts.

Step 3: WHOLE BRAIN TRAIN

Learning meditation
By doing your meditation can reduce stress, overcome anxiety is excessive, and activate the control centers of the brain for happiness and satisfaction.

Train Memory capacity
You remember as a kid, a lot of things you should know by heart. The sharpness of your memory will increase if you always train memory skills.

Participate in social activities
Having a solid schedule of social activities which are believed to make the brain work more actively and to reduce deterioration of the brain.

In addition to genetic factors, ability and intelligence of a child can be trained and taught in a way to do the activation in the right brain. Generally, the participants who could be taught by several instructors aged between four to 12 years. Next try doing some activities with your eyes closed.

The kids and even then engaged in various activities ranging from reading and guess the number. There also are reading the holy verses of Al-Quran with eyes closed. Not only that, they ride bikes in a zigzag with eyes closed. All were obtained through focused training.

In addition to training the right brain to the brain's ability, motivation is beneficial for children to generate self-potential and positive character in the child. Currently, a number of activities are offered which aim to improve the ability of children with a variety of methods. In addition to that offered a variety of ways, most important, of course, attention and guidance of the parents of the children themselves.

Communities often assess IQ (intelligence quotient) is equated with intelligence or skill. In fact, IQ only measures a fraction of the skill.

"It was a bright child is a child who can react in a logical and useful to what is experienced in the neighborhood," said Eileen Rachman, a psychologist who is also Director of EXPERD, a human resources consultant at the seminar 10 Ways to Sharpen IQ and EQ (emotional quotient) Child , in Jakarta. At the same seminar also launched a book entitled Optimizing Intelligence Child.

Eileen explained that IQ is a number that is used to describe the thinking person's capacity as compared with the average of others. In general, the average IQ was 100.

"IQ is only used among others, imagined space, see the environment around coherently and find the relationship between one form and other forms. But IQ does not measure creativity, social skills, and wisdom, "he said.

Meanwhile, the intelligence of children seen from the understanding and awareness of what they experienced. Later on in his mind, the experience was transformed into words or numbers. Therefore, Eileen emphasizes the importance of understanding. "Because understanding is a combination of efforts to increase the input through the senses and the knowledge they have," explained Eileen.

How to optimize your child's intelligence? Eileen suggested that parents enhance learning, reading, and repeat. For example, to introduce how to read, the mother helps the child by making a line under words that are important, ask your child to read aloud and explain the meaning of reading.

In addition, parents are also introducing the strategy, making rational decisions, sparked the idea as smoothly as possible, midmapping, increase vocabulary, thinking as he imagined, humor, critical thinking, and play. The goal to balance the left and right brain work, because the structure of the left and right brain hemispheres have different tasks.

Why need to balance the left and right brain work? Eileen said that the child can read fluently with full comprehension, creative writing, spelling, remembering, listening, thinking while at the same or become the champion in a particular sport. All it takes left and right brain coordination with both well trained.

But to balance the left and right brain work can also be through customs. Eileen explained, for example by enjoying the music and the arts, enjoying color, space and shape, value creativity and appreciate the sentiment.

Meanwhile, Dr. Andre Meaza said that during early childhood is the golden period to perform an active process through the process of sensory stimulation for the purpose of forming wiring system. "Stages of early life stages of the child are important because children are able to receive skills and teaching as a basis of knowledge and thought processes."

Andrew also explained, half the child's intellectual development took place prior to entering the age of 4 years. Precisely 17 years of age cognitive development is a cumulative development of the child is born.

According to Andre, 0-4 year olds have the cognitive development of 50%, 30% 4-8 years and 9-17 years at 20%. "It's brain development before age 1 year early, but the maturation of the brain take place after the child is born," he said.

He warned that the influence of early environment on brain development will impact long. Therefore, children who have good environmental stimulation, brain function will develop better.

Rabu, 18 Januari 2012

Concepts of Research Methodology

Steps of the scientific method are shaped like an hourglass - starting from general questions, narrowing down to focus on one specific aspect, and designing research where we can observe and analyze this aspect. At last, we conclude and generalize to the real world.

FORMULATING A RESEARCH PROBLEM

Researchers organize their research by formulating and defining a research problem. This helps them focus the research process so that they can draw conclusions reflecting the real world in the best possible way.





HYPOTHESIS

In research, a hypothesis is a suggested explanation of a phenomenon.

A null hypothesis is a hypothesis which a researcher tries to disprove. Normally, the null hypothesis represents the current view/explanation of an aspect of the world that the researcher wants to challenge.

Research methodology involves the researcher providing an alternative hypothesis, a research hypothesis, as an alternate way to explain the phenomenon.

The researcher tests the hypothesis to disprove the null hypothesis, not because he/she loves the research hypothesis, but because it would mean coming closer to finding an answer to a specific problem. The research hypothesis is often based on observations that evoke suspicion that the null hypothesis is not always correct.

In the Stanley Milgram Experiment, the null hypothesis was that the personality determined whether a person would hurt another person, while the research hypothesis was that the role, instructions and orders were much more important in determining whether people would hurt others.

VARIABLES

A variable is something that changes. It changes according to different factors. Some variables change easily, like the stock-exchange value, while other variables are almost constant, like the name of someone. Researchers are often seeking to measure variables.

The variable can be a number, a name, or anything where the value can change.

An example of a variable is temperature. The temperature varies according to other variable and factors. You can measure different temperature inside and outside. If it is a sunny day, chances are that the temperature will be higher than if it's cloudy. Another thing that can make the temperature change is whether something has been done to manipulate the temperature, like lighting a fire in the chimney.

In research, you typically define variables according to what you're measuring. The independent variable is the variable which the researcher would like to measure (the cause), while the dependent variable is the effect (or assumed effect), dependent on the independent variable. These variables are often stated in experimental research, in a hypothesis, e.g. "what is the effect of personality on helping behavior?"

In explorative research methodology, e.g. in some qualitative research, the independent and the dependent variables might not be identified beforehand. They might not be stated because the researcher does not have a clear idea yet on what is really going on.

Confounding variables are variables with a significant effect on the dependent variable that the researcher failed to control or eliminate - sometimes because the researcher is not aware of the effect of the confounding variable. The key is to identify possible confounding variables and somehow try to eliminate or control them.

OPERATIONALIZATION

Operationalization is to take a fuzzy concept, such as 'helping behavior', and try to measure it by specific observations, e.g. how likely are people to help a stranger with problems.




See also:

Conceptual Variables

CHOOSING THE RESEARCH METHOD

The selection of the research method is crucial for what conclusions you can make about a phenomenon. It affects what you can say about the cause and factors influencing the phenomenon.

It is also important to choose a research method which is within the limits of what the researcher can do. Time, money, feasibility, ethics and availability to measure the phenomenon correctly are examples of issues constraining the research.

CHOOSING THE MEASUREMENT

Choosing the scientific measurements are also crucial for getting the correct conclusion. Some measurements might not reflect the real world, because they do not measure the phenomenon as it should.

RESULTS

SIGNIFICANCE TEST

To test a hypothesis, quantitative research uses significance tests to determine which hypothesis is right.

The significance test can show whether the null hypothesis is more likely correct than the research hypothesis. Research methodology in a number of areas like social sciences depends heavily on significance tests.

A significance test may even drive the research process in a whole new direction, based on the findings.

The t-test (also called the Student's T-Test) is one of many statistical significance tests, which compares two supposedly equal sets of data to see if they really are alike or not. The t-test helps the researcher conclude whether a hypothesis is supported or not.

DRAWING CONCLUSIONS

Drawing a conclusion is based on several factors of the research process, not just because the researcher got the expected result. It has to be based on the validity and reliability of the measurement, how good the measurement was to reflect the real world and what more could have affected the results.

The observations are often referred to as 'empirical evidence' and the logic/thinking leads to the conclusions. Anyone should be able to check the observation and logic, to see if they also reach the same conclusions.

Errors of the observations may stem from measurement-problems, misinterpretations, unlikely random events etc.

A common error is to think that correlation implies a causal relationship. This is not necessarily true.

GENERALIZATION

Generalization is to which extent the research and the conclusions of the research apply to the real world. It is not always so that good research will reflect the real world, since we can only measure a small portion of the population at a time.





VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

Validity refers to what degree the research reflects the given research problem, while Reliability refers to how consistent a set of measurements are.




Types of validity:

External Validity
Population Validity
Ecological Validity
Internal Validity
Content Validity
Face Validity
Construct Validity
Convergent and Discriminant Validity
Test Validity
Criterion Validity
Concurrent Validity
Predictive Validity
Reliability may be defined as "Yielding the same or compatible results in different clinical experiments or statistical trials" (the free dictionary). Research methodology lacking reliability cannot be trusted. Replication studies are a way to test reliability.

Types of Reliability:

Test-Retest Reliability
Interrater Reliability
Internal Consistency Reliability
Instrument Reliability
Statistical Reliability
Reproducability
Both validity and reliability are important aspects of the research methodology to get better explanations of the world.

ERRORS IN RESEARCH

Logically, there are two types of errors when drawing conclusions in research:

Type 1 error is when we accept the research hypothesis when the null hypothesis is in fact correct.

Type 2 error is when we reject the research hypothesis even if the null hypothesis is wrong.

 
Design by Wordpress Theme | Bloggerized by Free Blogger Templates | coupon codes